Pyramids,
former Pyramids, placed in egyptian city of Al-Gisa (nowdays Egypt), not obsolete.
Counts as a Granary in every one of your cities.
Desscription shouldn't be necessary

St.Peter's Cathedral,
former Hanging Gardens, in latin city of Antiochia (nowdays Turkey),
not obsolete. One extra happy citizen in every city.
It was one of the largest churches of the Christian East,and a place where
the (false, of course) Holy Lance was found.
I haven't got a clue how it had looked. The icon is taken from some
other scenario. I only created this wonder to honour Antioch and allow
it to be in TFC.

Hippodrome
former Colossus, in latin city of Constantinople (nowdays Turkey),
not obsolete. City produces one extra trade arrow in each square that
already produces one.
Once one of the most important institutions of the city was
the Hippodrome which could hold 100000 people. Chariot races where
very popular and there was hard competition between the teams.
On one occasion almost civil war broke out because of those "teams".
Namely the Blues and Greens, both teams and their supporters, started
fighting because of religios ideas and social class. This resulted in 
the Nika revolt which was ended by Empress Theodora and Emperor 
Justinian I with the help of Belisarius, a Byzantine General, and 
Narses in 532.
(description stolen from Mathias Koester's Byzantine scenario)


Blachernos Palace,
former Lighthouse, not built, originally in Constantinople, Turkey.
Triremes can move across oceans w/o danger, and all other
types of ship have their movement rate increased by one.
Also, all new ships you produce receive veteran status.

One church in Sofia,
former Great Library, in bulgarian city of Sofia (nowdays Bulgaria).
Obsolete.
"Church in Boyan quater is situated in suburb of Sofia, reaching foot of Witosha mnt.
Built in XI century, is fameous for created in 1259 year wall paintings on both of 
annexed condignations. Showed in 89 scenes persons are featured by high individualization..."
From: "Shatze der Menscheit"

The Control Over Al-Hijaz,
former Oracle, in egyptian city of Al-Kahira (Egypt)
Not obsolete, doubles the effect of all of your mosques.
Control over Al-Hijaz, with holy cities, Mecca and Medina, allowed rulers of
Egypt to present Al-Kaba with their covers (kiswas); it used to be the greatest 
honour for Moslem rulers and their names to be mentioned in sermons (chutbas).
From year 1266 to 1926, every annual pilgrim caravan from Egypt to Mecca included 
empty, veiled lectique (mahmil) - it was a symbol of supremacy over local dynasties.    

Holy Savior in Chora,
former Great Wall, not built, originally in Constantinople, Turkey.
Obsolete.
Voyage to Bethleyem;
Mosaic in egzonarthex of Chora. About 1300-1320.
This mosaic comes from the period after the age of greatnes under the rules of Michael VIII 
Paleolog (1259-1282). It was created during the rules of his son, Andronic II (1282-1328). 
Some of them were founded by his ministre, Theodor Metochites. 

Studenica Monastery,
former Sun Tzu's War Academy, in serbian city of Studenica (nowdays Serbia)
Not obsolete.
All new ground units produced gain Veteran status.
Any unit which wins a combat gains Veteran status.
"In ravine between forest slopes of Radocelo mountains, over a little river Studenica,
left affluent of Ibar, lies the oldest foundation of Nemanjic dinasty, monastery 
Studenica. Inside monastery walls, there are three churches. Oldest of them, church
of MMoG, founded in XII century by first of dinasty, Steven Nemanja, and finished by 
his sons, is one of the most beautiful monuments of so-called "Raska school". Built
of stone, overlayed with marble plates, is typical Serbian one-nave church  with 
single dome, covered with flat roof. Wall paintings come from the beginning of XIII
century..."
From: "Jugosawia" by Maria Krukowska.

Hagia Eirene,
former King Richard's crusade, in latin city of Constantinople (nowdays Turkey)
Not obsolete.
Every square in the city's radius produces an extra
resource "shield".
Historians attribute the founding of the church of Hagia Eirene to Constantine the Great. 
The historian Socrates, however, mentions that an earlier small church was rebuilt larger 
by the Emperor, who named it Hagia Eirene. From Constantine to Justinian this church was 
considered as the most important one in Constantinople. A source of later date, the "Life 
of St. Stephen the Younger", written in 808, records that the Second Ecumenical Council, 
which in 381 condemned Macedonius the Pneumatomachian and proclaimed the dogma of the 
consubstantiality of the Holy Trinity, was held in Hagia Eirene. The church of Hagia Eirene 
shared the fate of the famous church of Hagia Sophia. Besides, both stood within the same 
precincts, to the east of the Sacred Palace, and were in effect separated by the Hospice 
of Samsom. The "narrative" of the construction of Hagia Sophia mentions that Bishop 
Nectarius (381-397) was forced to transfer his see to Hagia Eirene and stay there, when 
in 397 the Arians burned the roof of Hagia Sophia. Before long, in September 404, the 
angry mob of Christians protesting against the second banishment of John 
Chrysostom burned the whole building to the ground. Until 415, when Hagia Sophia was
rebuilt, Hagia Eirene was the see of the Bishop of Constantinople. Gutted by fire during 
the Nika revolt, the church of Hagia Eirene was rebuilt by Justinian. Its size was such 
that "Constantinople had no churches larger than the Hagia Eirene and the Hagia Sophia"
(Procopius). In 564 a new fire destroyed the atrium and the narthex, which were immediately 
restored. In 738 the church was severely damaged by an earth-quake and restored. In 867 the 
Patriarch Ignatius convoked in this church a council against his opponent Photius. It is also 
known that the Ecumenical Patriarch officiated here except on the occasion of great celebrations
and ceremonies attended by the Emperor, when he conducted the Liturgy at Hagia Sophia. Hence, 
most of the chroniclers and historians of the time refer to Hagia Eirene as "the Patriarchate".
The church of Hagia Eirene was never converted into a mosque. Since, however, it stood within the
enclosure of the Saray and next to the barracks of the Janissaries it served for a long time as 
an arsenal. In 1846 it became a Museum of Antiquities and in 1874 a Military Museum. In 1946 the 
collections of ormaments were removed and archaeological excavations were begun. Remains of two 
ancient temples, dedicated to Apollo and Aphrodite, have been discovered within and around the 
church. In its present condition the monument is assignable to the age of Justinian. In fact, 
the column capitals have preserved the monograms of Justinian and Theodora. The plan is that of 
a basilica with dome, i.e. of the well-known transitional type after the model of Hagia Sophia. 
The synthronon has survived along the semicircular wall of the apse. The atrium was drastically 
altered at times, but its basic lay-out is that of the 8th century. To the west there are some 
Turkish constructions. The decorations of later date on the exterior of the north entrance and 
an idyllic 19th century scenery painted in the narthex are also Turkish. Scant remains of wall 
mosaics are visible at places, particularly on the triumphal arch. while the far end of the 
diakonikon has preserved a wall painting of two saints with ruined faces. On the half-dome of 
the apse, the clear outline of a large cross on a three-stepped base has survived from the 
Iconoclast period. Two inscriptions with verses from the Psalms of David on the triumphal arch 
are probably of the 6th century.
All of this text was taken from:
http://www.patriarchate.org/ecumenical_patriarchate/
oslt; it is official site of constantipolitan patriarch.
Very nice!

Old Tzars' Palace,
former Marco Polo Embassy, in bulgarian city of Tarnovo (nowdays Bulgaria)
Obsolete
First known church was built there in II century, near to the "Houselet Of Mary".
In V century, on former church place, existed "modest but beautiful" basilica in   
Byzantine style, built by diakon Konon from Jerusalem. Destroyed by Persians in
year 614, it wasn't rebuilt till 1099, when Tankred, the prince of Galilea, built
over the "Houselet Of Mary" new basilica, much bigger (about 4,5 times) and very
impressing. It contained "The Cave Of The Announcement" and former basilica.
Unfortunatelly, it was completly destroyed by sultan Baybars (although Mary, 
mother of Jezus, is for Moslems one of 4 "Ideal Women") in year 1263 and was not    
rebuilt till XVIII century.


The Great Mosque, former Michelangelo's Chapel, in egyptian city of Dimashq (nowdays Syria)
Not obsolete.
Counts as a Cathedral in each of your cities.
History of this place feflects history of all Syria.About 3000 years ago 
it was a place of cult of Syrian god of storm, Hadad. After Roman conquest,
in I century before Christ, old building was turned into a temple to 
Jupiter. In IV century, emperor Teodosius builded there basilica of 
st.John (his head, as head of prophet Jahja,is kept in this mosque as its
greatest relique). After Arabian conquest, basilica was anected by Moslems, 
and in year 705 caliph Al-Walid transformed it into the first miracle of 
Moslem world, great mosque of Damascus, thanks to the help of Byzantine 
emperor, who gave Caliph artisants needed to install Byzantine mosaics in 
mosque. This magnificient building, full of Christian remains, becamed a 
model for mosques all over the (Moslem) world. Old towers of Christian 
basilica were the first minarets. And the highest of them is called Isa 
(Jesus in Arabian) - according to one Moslem tradition, in the Judgement
Day, Jesus will stand on it and judge the World...

The Wall Of Crying,
former Copernicus' Observatory, in egyptian city of Al-Kuds,
(nowdays territory occupied by Israel)
Not obsolete.Increases science output of city by 50%%.
The Wall Of Crying (Kotel ha-Maaravi) is the remaining part of west wall of Jerusalemian Temple,
place very important for Christians, Jews and Moslems. Temple was built on Moria mountain. Its
top is the rock in as-Sahra. where Abraham wanted to sacrifice his son, Isaac. It's also the
place where the angel appeared to punish David. David built there an altar, situated there the
Ark, and wanted to build there great temple, but it was Salomon, his son, who has done it
(960-953 BC).This temple, called "Syjon", was destroyed by Nabuchodonozor in year 587 BC. Seventy
years later, Cyrus allowed Jews to come back to Jerusalem. Temple, rebuilt by Zorobabel, wasn't
as wonderful as Salomon's, and it lacked the Ark. In year 167 BC, this temple was changed by
Syrian king Antioch Epiphanes IV, who changed it into temple to Zeus. After machabian rebel
(165 BC), things returned to normal position, and new holiday, Hanukka, was enacted. In year 63,
restauration of Temple was finished. But in year 70 AD, emp.Titus captured Jerusalem and 6.08
the Temple was burned. Emp.Hadrian changed the city into Aelia Capitolina and built temple to
Jupiter in place of the Temple. During Byzantime times, the Temple's square used to be the place
where Jerusalemians were leaving their trashes. After capturing the city, caliph Omar built there
first mosque, and after some time, mosques: as-Sakhra and el-Aqsa (read in Qubbat as-Sakhra)
were built. There are also places important to Christians: "The Top Of The Temple"- South-east
corner, where Jesus was seduced, and where st.Jacob the Younger was killed (62) and "The Court Of
Pagans" from where Jesus drove out merchants. But the Temple has greatest meaning for Jews. The
remaining wall was considered as holy already by rabbi Johannan ben Zakkai, short time after
destruction of the rest of the Temple. Every year, 6.08., Jews are coming to the Wall to deplore
their tragedy. Tradition says that the "Saint Presence" will never go away from this place.

Acropolis, 
former Magellan's Expedition, in latin city of Athenae (nowdays Greece)
Not obsolete.
Movement rate of all ships is increased by two.
Description shouldn't be necessary.

Qubbat as-Sakhra,
former Shakespeare's Theatre, in egyptian city of Al-Kuds (nowdays
palestinian territory occupied by Israel)
Not obsolete.
All unhappy citizens in city are content.
Qubbat as-Sakhra, The Dome On The Rock, was built for caliph Abd Al-Malik
in year 691, on the top of Moria moultain (in a place where ancient Jewish
Temple used to stand), a place where Abraham wanted to sacrifice Isaac, and
where angel appeared to punish David. According to Jewish tradition, this
rock is the center of the World. According to Moslem tradition, in this rock
there are impressed signs of Mahomet's and Elias feets and Gabriel's hand.
Another Moslem tradition says that in the Judgement Day Kaaba from Mecca will
come to it, Gabriel will stand on it to proclaim the Judgement, and the rock 
will speak with human voice. In The Dome Moslems keep relique of the hair of
Mahomet's beard. Under the mosque, there is a cave where the Prophet was 
sleaping before He was taken to the Heaven.
Shape and decorations of Qubbat as-Sakhra are masterpieces of Byzantine art 
(as Umajjads supported Greek tradition in art). During Latin rules in city,
The Dome On The Rock was known as "Templum Domini".

Mosque Al-Aqsa,
former Da Vinci's Workshop, in egyptian city of Al-Kuds
(nowdays territory occupied by Israel)
Obsolete.
This mosque was built by caliph Abd al-Malik or Al-Walid, near to Qubbat as-Sahra.
Its name means "distant" because it is supposed to be the goal of Mahomet's pilgrimage 
to Jerusalem. Unfortunatelly, its history is so complicated, that nobody
really knows when it was exactly built and how exactly it looked. But, supposedly,
the main shape is original. What is interesting is that although it was built as
mosque, it has a shape of Christian basilica. It is like so because the architects 
were Jerusalemians, probably Christians. To fit it to Moslem prayer needs, six
additional naves were builded on each side of oratorium.
After Jerusalem was captured by crusaders in year 1099, it was changed into 
Christian church, and became the residance of Templar Order Knights.   

Hagia Sophia,
former J.S. Bach's Cathedral, in latin city of Constantinople
(nowdays Turkey)
Not obsolete.
Emperor Constantine The Great, founding his residential city in place of old 
Byzantion, and giving him his own name, built also three big secular basilics,
so edifices for meetings and feasts, giving them significant names:
Eirene - Peace, Dynamis - Might, Sophia - Wisdom. They were supposed to signify 
three simbolic pillars of authority - peaceful, might and wise - and characterize
all happy epoch. Those notions were connected rather with ideas of ancient 
philosophy, but could also be understood in Christian way. 
  And that's what have happened, especially in case of Wisedom - Sophia. She started 
to be called Saint Wisedom, meaning - God's. This was the name of basilica when -it's 
hard to say when, opinions are divided - it becamed Christian church, and even 
a cathedral of the capital. In Eastern countries, this name was always undertstood as 
God's feature or as a metaphoristic way of calling the Christ. Things were different 
in the West. There, and even quite early, people were saying about St.Sophia, keeping
the Greek word, but not always understanding it's meaning. From this point, there
is only a small distance to the opinion, that it is about some concrete person,
especially that in Rome people adored a martyre named Sophia. 
  To be exact, We should, speaking about the cathedral of Constantinople, use name
of Saint Wisedom, what is the exact translation of Greek Hagia Sophia, or Thw Wisedom
of the God, which is the translation of idea. But, on the other side, West-European 
tradition should make us call it just St.Sophie, which don't mean the personiphication
of the name.
  Restoration of the church was a necessity after the destructions caused by Nika rebel
in january of year 532. Money spent on this work were acquired from conquiscate of 
troublers' posessions after the end of the revolt. Architects were Antemius of Tralles
(now a very nice town of Aydin) and Isidor of Miletos, cities in west Asia Minor.
Both were fameous as mathematics. Isidor is known especially as publisher of Archimedes'
works; this one, whoose theorem about a solid plunged in water is known by every pupil
and who has died in year 212 BC, when Romans were capturing Syracuse. It is Isidor, thanks
to whom the writings of genial mathematic have survived.
  There is something in it really filling with high spirits in it. Empires, countries,
cities are dieing, humanity is living through all kinds of drastic changes or even 
cataclysms, religions are dieing and borning, and the creation of the thought lasts,
solicitiously preserved from generation to generation. Seven centuries were dividing
Isidor, builder of christian church, citizen of ruled by emperor empire, from Archimedes,
believer of many Gods, citizen of Greek city in Sicily. But still, They were links of the
same chain of stubborn and bold human thought, both were real servants of the same Wisedom.
(isn't that beautifull?-Maciek)
OK. I haven't got time for translating more. I only add that the works started in year 532,
and inauguration was 26 december 537 and may 557 (Antemius' dome has fallen after an 
earthquake. Isidor restored it). Later history everybody knows. I only say how I'm sad that
when I was in Constantinople, Hagia was closed, chlip-chlip
By the way, don't You think it's significant that Peace and Wisedom have survived, but
Might has at first changed its name (church of St.Apostles), and later was destroyed 
by Turks?
I translated it from: Aleks(x)ander's Krawczuk's "Suite of Byzantine emperors". 

Jupiter's Temple,
former Isaac Newton's College, in egyptian city of Balabakk (nowdays Lebanon)
Not obsolete.
Doubles science output of city.
Ancient inhabitants of Kanaan used to pray to Baal, god of fertility and the Sun. 
He was a twin-brother of Egyptian god Amon, and enemy of Mot, god of Death and 
infertility. The first temple was devoted to Him. During the age of Alexander the 
Great, Baal "transformed" into Helios. Later, He received Roman name- Jupiter. And 
these are Romans who have built the temple. The works started during the reign of 
August (the city was now called: "Iulia Augusta Felix Heliopolis"). Emperors: 
Caracalla and Philpus The Arabian have finished the building. All Acropolis used to 
look very impressive. Unfortunatelly, of 52 collumns, only six are still 
standing. But still, they look amazing, and they are a part of Lebanonian device.

Italian Trade,
former Adam Smith's Trading Co., in latin city of Dyrrachium
(Albania)
Not obsolete.
Pays the maintenance for all city improvements which
ordinarily cost 1 gold per turn.  City improvements
requiring more than 1 gold per turn mintenance are not
affected.

The Great Citadel,
former Darwin's Voyage, in egyptian city of Haleb (nowdays Syria)
Obsolete.
The first inhabitants of ancient Aleppo chose the high hill on which the Citadel 
is currently situated, which offers a natural defense advantage, to settle and 
build their first temples. With time, this place evolved as the acropolis of the 
Hellenistic city. When the Persians attacked Northern Syria, their invasion came to 
a halt opposite the great walls of the Citadel. The Arab army of Khaled Ibn Al-Waleed 
had to use subterfuge to gain control of the citadel: a group of soldiers camouflaged 
as goats, penetrated the citadel, and opened its gates from the inside. With the Arab 
conquest of the Citadel, a new chapter in its history started. Grand architectural 
extensions and constructions transformed the Citadel into one of the most impressive 
examples of Islamic military architecture. Successive attempts by the Byzantines to 
retake the Citadel met with resounding failures. History tells us how the emperor 
Nicephore Phocas massacred 12000 Aleppine captives in front of its walls , having 
failed to overtake it by force. Saif Al- Dawala, the most glorious Sultan of the 
Hammadani dynasty, made Aleppo the capital of a large kingdom in Northern Syria, and 
lived in the Citadel that was considered his official residence. During the Crusades, 
the Franc prince of Antioch, Renaud de Chatillon /later the prince of Oultrejordain, 
this, who had provoked a war so unfortunate for Outremer.../, spent sixteen years in 
the Citadel as a prisoner. The Ayyobbies, the dynasty of Saladin, saved no money or 
effort in repairing damaged Citadel. King Az-Zaher Al-Ghazi, son of Saladin, returned 
the Citadel to its status as an official residence of Kings. Then came calamities. In 
1259 the Mongols, led by Hulagu-Khan, entered Aleppo, occupied the Citadel, and 
demolished its walls. This was followed by the great terror of Tamerlaine who ravaged 
it once more. The Citadel had to wait for the Mameluck Sultans before being repaired. 
However, the Citadel lost its strategic importancy during the Ottoman reign when 
Aleppo became an internal city within the Ottoman Empire. The Citadel was left to 
waste away slowly. In 1828, a major earthquake completed what time has not finished. 
The Citadel became a collection of semi-derelict buildings, cracked walls, and heaps 
of ruins. Like the legendary Phoenix, the Citadel rose from ashes and came back to 
life in modern day Syria. 
This Pedia text was taken from:  info@syria-online.com


Hadrian's Temple,
former The Statue of Liberty, in byzantine city of Ephesos (nowdays Turkey)
Obsolete.

Ibn Tulun's Mosque,
former The Eiffel Tower, in egyptian city of Al-Kahira (nowdays Egypt)
When you first obtain control of the Eiffel Tower,
Every civilization's attitude toward you is immediately shifted 25 points
in your favor (on a hundred point scale).  Attitudes continue to improve
gradually over time.  Other civilizations are also quicker to forget your
past transgressions.
Builded in year 879, by Ahmad Ibn Tulun, gouvernor of Egypt, is inspirated by architecture 
of Samarra and has a little Christian conexions. The main feature of this mosque is its 
"simplicity, which doesn't quarrel with its beauty". It is mostly known for its 
characteristic spiral minaret. It follows the example of minarets of Samarra, which are 
reminding Persian pre-Moslem towers sacred to fire.     


Ochrid's churches,
former Women's Suffrage, in epirote (barbarian) city of Ochrid (nowdays Macedonia)
Obsolete.

H.Apostles, 
former Hoover Dam, in latin city of Constantinople (nowdays Turkey)
Counts as a Heretic Cathedral in every one of your cities.
(Decreases unhappiness caused by troops away from city by 1).
Not obsolete


Ince Minare,
former Manhattan project, in turkish city of Konya (nowdays also Turkey)
Obsolete

Temple Of Bacchus,
former United Nations, in egyptian city of Balabaak (nowdays Lebanon)
"The Temple of Bacchus, which many historians consider the best-preserved
Roman temple of its size, is part of Baalbek's immense semiruins. Its peristyle of
forty-two unfluted Corinthian columns (nineteen still standing) embraces sturdily
preserved exterior walls. The approach to the cella or worship room proclaims
grandeur with its powerful scale...The inner side walls of the nave are divided
into bays by projected Corinthian half-columns to produce a series of
superimposed niches, round-headed below, angled (pedimented) above, the
latter originally with statues. The temple was roofed with cedar trusses."
"The temple, however, is but a single aspect of the vast complex. Baalbek is
unequaled for boldness of concept and skill in utilizing Herculean masonry."
                       (G. E. Kidder Smith. Looking at Architecture. p34.)

Ruins of Palmyra,
former Apollo program, in egyptian city of Tadmur (nowdays Syria)
Palmyra (called also "Tadmor"), the city of palms, situated on a big oasis
in Syrian Desert, existed long before Romans came in. It was well-known for
its treasuries, and that's why They wanted to capture this city. The first
expedition against it was sent by Marcus Antonius, but citizents have escaped,
taking their treasures with Them. Still, till 18 year After Christ Germanicus,
sent by Tiberius, captured it, Palmyra was an independant city. This tradition
of independancy allowed city to retain some autonomy. During the Roman rules,
Palmyra became a great trade city, it was its golden times.
In sixties and seventies of the third century, gubernor of palmyra, Odenat,
and Waballat, and Zenobia, organized a new country, with capital in Palmyra,
but their high ambitions caused that emperor Aurelian destroyed it.

Plethon,
former SETI Program, not built. 
Counts as a research lab in every one of your cities; effectively
doubles your science output.
George Gemistos Plethon was one of the greatest thinkers in his epoch.
Borned in Constantinople, He worked in Mistra, on the court of despotes 
Theodor II. He founded there Platonic Academy, as He propagated reorganizing
the country according to platonic ideas. Generally, He referenced to ancient
Greece hoping to build on those fundaments new "Hellenian" nation.

Basilica Of The Holy Grave,
former Cure for Cancer, in egyptian city of Al-Kuds (nowdays
territory occupied by Israel)
One extra happy citizen in each city.
First basilica, built on the most holy place for christians,
was destroyed /with all rest of Jerusalem/ by Romans after
Jewish rebel, in year 70. After second Jewish rebel /rebel
of Bar Kochba/ Jerusalem was restaurated as Roman Aelia 
Capitolina. Over the Grave Romans built forum. After edict
of Mediolanum, Christians came back to Jerusalem, and after
synod of Nicea, empress Helena and bishop Macarius built
there magnificent Church Of Resurrection /333/. This temple 
was destroyed with 1000 others by king Chosroes II and his
Persians in year 614. Although it was restaurated by emperor
Heraclius, it never retrieved all of its former beauty.
In year 638, caliph Omar entered Jerusalem and prayed in
front of basilica /Patriarch Sofronius invited him inside,
but He rejected, afraid that his fellows would want then to
transform it into mosque/. In X and century, Byzantine Empire
ruled by Macedonians, regained strengh /and some lands/. 
Byzantines, for some time, conquered north Palestine.
Caliph Hakim, afraid of Christian betrayal, destroyed all 
churches in Jerusalem, including this one. After his death,
emperor Constantine Monomach restaured it. But, half- century
later, Seljuk Turks have captured Jerusalem and basilica once 
again was devastated. 15.07.1099 Jerusalem was "liberated" by
crusaders. After 50 years, new Basilica Of The Holy Grave was
built. 